Leadership Styles Of A Ceo - 1275 Words

Introduction This paper examines the leadership styles of a CEO and a Vice President in a successful mid-sized company. Its main objectives are to identify the individuals’ leadership approaches, evaluate the effects of their leadership styles on the performance of employees, offer actionable recommendations for improving their leadership effectiveness, and conclude with brief remarks. Analysis of Vice President Leadership Style The following is a list of accusations lobbed against the VP, what the charges say about the character of this particular individual, and the expected reactions of employees. VP’s Actions/Behavior What Actions Say About VP’s Character Employee Likely Reactions Often display anger Bully, authoritarian Employees feel humiliated Engage in back-stabbing Not team-oriented, unconcerned about unity Employees lose sense of union Publicly and privately broadside colleagues Unprofessional Employee morale suffers Threw staff under the bus at meetings Disloyal, self-interested and irresponsible Employees are uninspired by lack of accountability Verbally berate subordinates Abusive, hostile, superior and intimidating Employees feel self-doubt, lose confidence Possess poor listening skills Indifferent Employees feel unacknowledged Interrupt and talk over people Self-important and rude Employees feel disrespected, contempt Lie about certain projects Dishonest and deceitful Employees lose respect and admiration due to lack of integrity According to Robert R.Show MoreRelatedLeadership Styles of Ceos1362 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Change is a basic part of life. Leaders, whether it be the CEO of the company or you, must anticipate forces that will cause changes, identify opportunities that will require changes, react to unforeseen events that make changes imperative, and work with others to overcome the predictable reactions to change, which almost always include some amount of resistance, often to a significant degree. As a leader, you sometimes need to be conservator of values and institutions thatRead MoreLeadership Style and Their Effects on Ceos812 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Leadership Style and Their Effect on CEOs LaKisha Feggins November 21, 2012 Leadership Styles and Their Effect on CEOs Abstract The purpose of this essay is to analyze, compare, and contrast the leadership styles of two influential CEOs. I have collected information from many internet sources that elaborate on the life, achievements, and misfortunes of Jack Welch and Steve Jobs, and how they overcame their obstacles to become the best CEOsRead MoreLeadership Style of Google Ceo; Eric Schmidt2471 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper analyzes the leadership style of Google CEO; Eric Schmidt based on the of leadership concepts outlined by David Messick in his essay On the Psychological Exchange Between Leaders and Followers. Eric Schmidt measures up very well on all the dimensions except Protection-Security. In his paper, Messick analyzes leadership by focusing on the relationship between leaders and followers. Messick postulates that followers chose to be led because doing so provides them certain benefits. InRead MoreThe Leadership Styles And Behaviours Of The Ceo Of Virgin Group2062 Words   |  9 Pagescomprised of two short scenarios that describe situations in two very different companies, where the leadership styles and behaviours of the CEO of one company and the owner of the second company are evident on a day- to-day basis. Comparing Richard Branson’s (CEO of Virgin Group) leadership style, behaviour, and his impact on employee motivation with Terry Gou’s (Owner of Foxconn Factories) leadership style, behaviour and impact on employee motivation as well as suggesting improvements Gou could makeRead MoreLeadership Style : Sam Palmisano, Former Ibm Ceo2939 Words   |  12 Pagesseries of leadership positions during his IBM career, including senior vice president f or the Enterprise Systems and Personal Systems groups. Mr. Palmisano also played a key role in creating and leading IBM’s Global Services, rising to senior vice president, and building the largest and most diversified information technology services organization in the industry. He also served as senior managing director of operations for IBM Japan. He became president and Chief Operating Officer (CEO) in 2000.Read MoreExploring the Leadership Style of Ursula Burns Ceo of Xerox Corporation1718 Words   |  7 PagesExploring The Leadership Style of Ursula Burns CEO of Xerox Corporation Myra A. Duke Dr. Eddie Montgomery Leadership and Organizational Behavior June 9, 2013 It is rare nowadays for a person to become the top ranking executive at the same company they intern with. Ursula Burns did just that by doing a summer internship with Xerox Corporation, and going on to become the CEO twenty-nine years later. Ursula Burns was the first African-American women to be name CEO of a Fortune 500 company, andRead MoreAlan Mullaly: Ford Motor Company Ceo Leadership Style2145 Words   |  9 PagesAlan Mulally, CEO, Ford Motor Company Mike Stout Strayer University Abstract This paper discusses the role of leadership and how an organizations performance is impacted by leadership and leadership development. The paper discussed Alan Mulally’s leadership styles and gives examples of how Mulally’s actions fit those leadership styles. The paper talks of how Ford Motor Company’s performance is impacted by Alan Mulally’s goal setting. The paper speaks to how Mulally’s communication openness impactsRead MoreLeadership and Power Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagespower played in leadership at Intel? Which Intel CEOs seen to have inclined toward job-countered leader behavior? Toward employee-centered leader behavior? Toward initiation-structure behavior? Toward consideration behavior? Referent power comes from being trusted and respected. It based on identification, imitation, loyalty, or charisma. (Griffin, 549) Expert power comes from one’s experiences, skills or knowledge. (Griffin, 549) Both powers played big role in Intel’s leadership. For me, Noyce hadRead MoreLeadership Effectiveness : Michael Eisner, Larry Ellison, And Andrea Jung1247 Words   |  5 PagesThe definition of leadership is the action of leading a group of people or an organization. Leadership is not a title; however, it is the ability to persuade, convince, conduct, motivate, and inspire individuals to engage with a vision to the achievement of a goal. The challenge that leaders have is to be able to adapt or adjust their leadership style to each situation. Some leaders might find that being more commanding or authoritative to their employees is more effective, however some may findRead MoreHow Did Mary Barra Become Gm Ceo? Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesaround 85% of all veh icles.† (Colby, 2015). With the growth of women as automotive customers, the industry has fostered and sought out female leadership in their organizations. Mary Barra, the General Motors CEO, is providing a leadership style that is rescuing GM and helping resurrect the American automotive industry. How did Mary Barra Become GM CEO? GM was founded in 1908 and we are all familiar with most of their car brands including Chevrolet, GMC, Buick, Cadillac, as well as their brands

My Experience With A Student s Field Experience - 825 Words

I think my situation is little special than another students, but I still want to talk about my field experience by video. You helped me a lot in my situation, I know field experience is very important, it can give me real experience to observe to students, and teacher when they are working in class. You created a great assignment for me. I can find any videos follow topics, and it also helps me to learn an experience in class room. I do not say this assignment is too much, but I will try to finish it and submit on time same another student’s field experience. Last week, I received your mail at very late on Sunday 1/25/2015, very sorry about this, but I had work at weekend, that is why I did not login my email to see what you sent. And that is why I just am beginning for my worksheet, now, I am trying to find video relate to topic as behavior, and I still keep going to watch â€Å"Back-to-School Countdown: How to Build Classroom Culture† Sarah Brown Wessling† at n umber 10, and find some videos about behavior, I do not do work sheet follow order, I plan to find some behavior videos first, I think it easy to understand what school environment, culture of class, attitude of student and teacher, addition, I also can watch how teacher are teaching their student†¦ and I also am trying to focus on entry 1 and 2. Right now I will talk what I am doing: - In Start with the End in Mind (number 10), this video is long about 5 minutes, and what is about this video is: Sarah said this is tenShow MoreRelatedA Research Career As An Experimental Physical Chemist823 Words   |  4 PagesMy desire is to continue a research career as an experimental physical chemist. I am grateful that I have found my passion that I found early in life and have been supported by my family and society. My educational experiences in Korea and the U.S. have demonstrated to me that the social support and infrastructure are immensely important for individuals to live out their passion, especially in the STEM field. As a female physical chemist who pursues an academic research, I will strive to contributeRead MoreObservation Of My Field Work Experience At Prince Avenue Baptist Church1705 Words   |  7 Pagescover the observation of my field work experience at Prince Avenue Baptist Church. I will discuss the importance of character education, motivation, and dev elopment (cognitive, social, and moral). I observed these concepts being utilized and portrayed and will discuss the details of each. I will conclude with how I plan to use these certain theories and concepts in my future classroom. Field Experience Site: Prince Avenue Baptist Church During my field-work experience, I learned many importantRead MoreGraduate Degree At The University Of Waterloo927 Words   |  4 Pagespsychology is to gain experience from specific areas of research in the I/O psychology field. I have had the opportunity to take part in the research of this field throughout my undergraduate degree but have not been able to explore it as in depth as I could through a graduate degree. Completing a Master s of Applied Science in I/O psychology at the University of Waterloo will allow me to reach this goal as I know that research is an integral part of the program. As such, my current interest in careerRead MoreGraduation Speech : Becoming A Teacher1539 Words   |  7 Pagesdoing. It so happen that after receiving my degree in Criminal Justice, I had a change of career choice when my daughter entered Pre-K. 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Afterwards it became clear to me; IRead MoreThe Importance Of Standard Common Core Curriculum803 Words   |  4 Pagesgoals outline what a student should know and can do at the end of each grade; the standards were created to ensure that all students graduate from high school with the skills and knowledge necessary to succeed in college, career, and life. From the textbook â€Å"A common core curriculum also allows students to transfer to another school in the district, state, nation. Another benefit of the common core curriculum, according to its supporters, is that it promotes equity: all students are offered the sameRead MoreGraduate Programs Comparison1324 Words   |  6 Pagesthe necessary skill or experience or need the skill? According to the requirements stated above, a person should have a statement of purpose and a broad undergraduate background in various subjects. 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In my opinion Stephens , Roth, and Bissonnette all have important points onRead MoreMy Current Educational Coursework And Field Experiences1483 Words   |  6 PagesReflection #2 Throughout my current educational coursework and field experiences, I have explored and engaged in the use of multiple assessments to gather both formative and summative data to check for student knowledge of the standards. As stated by Bransford (1999), Assessment should mirror good instruction; happen continuously as part of instruction; and provide information about the levels of understanding that students are reaching.† Any type of assessment is an important assessment that helps

Health Sciences Understanding Health and Illness

Question: Describe about the Report for Health Sciences of Understanding Health and Illness. Answer: This assignment aims to provide an executive summary from the article Australias health 2014 (Aihw.gov.au., 2014) . The executive summary will be provided for Chapter one whose title is Understanding health and illness. This report provides an understanding of health and illness. It has discussed regarding a model for describing health in which the health determinants have been described. This report covers a varied range of topics like dementia, private hospitals, illicit drug use, chronic diseases and what the ageing of populations in Australia means for the future. This report presents a comprehensive analysis regarding the issues that are related to each of the topic and the implications for persons as well as the nation as a whole. The report also focuses on health through life and contains features articles together with snapshots on all the stages of life and has included for the first time, an inclusive look at youth health, childhood obesity together with the health of the populations belonging to the age of working. The research in this article draws attention to the fact that there has been an increased understanding regarding the significance of social determinants of health. This report also investigates the causes behind the death of the populations in Australia. The diseases such as stroke, coronary heart disease, lung cancer, dementia and some other leading causes of death like prostate cancer in men, breast cancer in women, have been highlighted. The research in the article has drawn attention to the fact that in Australia, the disease of diabetes is becoming more common. There are a number of factors which might have contributed to this condition, such as rise in the number of individuals who are s uffering from obesity and altered criterion for diagnosis. According to the research carried out in this article, the populations of Australia living outside the major cities possess higher rates of obesity and overweight as compared to the individuals living in the main cities. The research in this article draws attention to the fact that the rates of smoking in adults on a regular basis are low at 16% overall by international standards. However, it has also been observed that in the remote parts as well as the outer regional areas of Australia, the rates of smoking are higher in comparison to the major cities. There has been an increased understanding in the significance of the social determinants of health in the recent years. The framework for the determinants encompasses the broad features of the society, socioeconomic characteristics, health behaviours, biomedical factors, environmental factors, safety factors together with health and well-being over time. In addition, the individuals living in the more underprivileged areas are more probable to smoke on a daily basis in comparison to the individuals living in the areas that are less underprivileged. Further investigations reveal that the populaces living in the remote and rural areas have least access to the health services. They have to travel to several miles for seeking medical attention and as a result, ill heath rates and mortality in this population is higher in comparison to the populations living in the bigger cities. The research in this article draws attention to the fact that the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals health is commonly worse than that of non-Indigenous individuals. This report has provided detailed information regarding the health status of Australians but there are some gaps, which need to be filled for obtaining a clear picture regarding the health and illness in Australia. Reference Aihw.gov.au. (2014). Australia's health 2014 (AIHW). [online] Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2014/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2016].

Normality in Limbo Essay Example For Students

Normality in Limbo Essay Bernly Normal was a man who caused those closest to him to rock back on their heels and say that his name was more contradictory to him than knickers on an avocado. His world was a world unknown to even those that knew him best. He walked the line between reality and insanity frequenting the latter considerably more than the former. His imagination knew no boundaries and though many may believe that this would be an admirable attribute, it was what had lead him, not all together willingly, into one of the finest and yet most chaotic situations imaginable. He was, at heart, a nice, kind and caring member of society. He frequently gave to charity and it was not unheard of for him to give up his spare time to help those less fortunate. Unfortunately, politics being what politics are in this day and age his angel-of-mercy exterior hadnt helped his image, career or self esteem to any great extent. He was, in the eyes of his parents, his employers and, if he was honest, himself a failure both romantically and economically. That should have all changed with his new position. Yes, it had improved his status and yes, it had improved his income but that wasnt what he was looking for. He was looking for recognition. The day it began, day break had come bringing with it inevitably the sound of singing birds, whistling milkmen and the petrified screams of Derek, the postman once again being attacked by Mrs. Masons Alsatian- Poppet, a dog the size of a small horse with fangs that a wild cat would be proud to call his own. Bernlys eyes fluttered open as the postman flew past his window, his screams acting as a natural alarm clock, automatically bringing life to the unconscious body lying under a small mound of bed linen. Some days he had enough energy to aid Derek in his battle against Poppet but having neither the time nor the energy rendered it impossible for him to help his friend on this particular occasion. He reached out in search of his monocle but finding nothing except the remains of last nights spaghetti managed to stir himself enough to sit up and wipe his hand clean on the quilt. Cleanliness was not one of his strong points and never had been, his philosophy being the if he left everything on the floor that he knocked over, he wouldnt be able to knock it over again and thus the traumatic experience would never have to repeat itself. In his world this logic was sound. Moreover, one must always remember that, in his world- the epitome of abnormality- nothing was ever as simple as it should be. Finding his vision blurred, once again, Bernly found himself attempting to find his monocle and, having located it, took a moment to get his bearings. He was not naturally a large man, his frame only reaching the not-quite-dizzying height of five feet. His wispy white hair shot off at numerous angles forming into strange peaks and horns, seemingly untameable. He wore his monocle in his left eye, it verging on the size and shape of a jam jars bottom. In his mind it gave him the air of one not unused to drinking the odd martini, wearing suits to dinner and having the background of English aristocracy. However, his code of dress did nothing to substantiate this. He had taken to wearing: dinner trousers, although on occasion these had been swapped for what can only be described as a lime green lycra codpiece, shirts of numerous colours and hues, a single bowtie worn to fit any occasion and sandals favoured by the nations more elderly citizens. Quite an odd spectacle to see especially walking into the security department of one of the greatest intelligence agencies in the world, but, as already established, Bernly was not one to conform to the ways of the world, indeed he was not one to conform to anything he thought as ethical or a priority in society. It was because of this that he had been chosen. They had sifted through many hundreds of unwary contenders and he had triumphed. He had beaten them all. He was the grand finalist in the saddest-act-of-the-decade lifetime achievement award. He was to be part of the future of modern science. He just didnt know yet. On the other side of town Bernly Normal was once more the centre of conversation between two men. The first was saying, Really, I dont see how we can. He would need to sign his consent and unless he is deaf, mad, blind and very forgetful that seems like a rather doubtful option. Yes, that factor would be detrimental to the whole operation, the second, one Major Hackman, explained, but there would be all probable chance that Normal would have all of the qualities listed above. In fact, one might even be pushed to consider a reward for his efforts. Something small, a new computer, or some paid holiday. We could even stretch to a promotion. Leave him to me Ill get him to sign his consent. Well make something useful of him yet. But surely he knows where he stands with the ministry. It wont work, I tell you. Hell see right through it. Weve never endeared ourselves to him to any great extent before. Hell wonder why we are now. As a matter of fact, I dont understand why we are endeavouring to soothe his ego all the while when a simple order should be called for. The second man explained that, considering nobody was willing to entrust the Bureaus security into the hands Bernly Normal, it was imperative that he should, at some point in the not too distant future, be cast out into the open world. Is the world ready for him yet was the question that was left unspoken. After all, the second man continued, it was a question of national security. To do this however, they must turn him round to their way of thinking, to make him believe that he was doing it because of his intelligence and skill. After all, he concluded it is necessary to get totally behind someone before you can stab them in the back. Oblivious to the plans being made in his absence Bernly carried on his normal routine as per normal. It was true, he wasnt well liked at his work place but it wasnt because he was annoying or irritating, it didnt actually have anything to do with who he was as a person. They disliked him because of what he was within the Bureau but especially because of how he got to his position. three kind of disciplines EssayThat was actually the name of it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Operation Two Birds. If the operation was carried out successfully then they would both rid themselves of that fool Normal, and they would be able to test their latest design. They had called it the Hobble- named after the designer who suffered from a limp. This Hobble would be able to transport people back in time and allow scientists to investigate the answers to numerous questions. Was Darwins theory correct? Was it a big bang or just a small pop? Who first invented the u-bend? It would be scientific history. But before they began they needed to crash dummy. This is where Bernly Normal fitted into Hackmans great plan. As if on cue there was a tap on the door and the oaf, otherwise known as Eliot, walked in, Bernly at his side. Hello, gvnor. I brung im. Here e is. Right as rain. thank you Eliot. Thatll be all. How he loathed pandering to that eighteen stone muscle head when needs must, needs must. It was essential that he had that buffoons support Welcome Mr. Normal. Do have a seat. May I call Bernly? You cn call me what ye want, but me mother alwees preferred oi yoo' It sent shivers down Hackmans spine, that unmistakable sound of a Scottish land boy. This was supposed to be Englands elite not the free for all knees up. Needs must Hackman explained to Bernly about the Hobble. He was quick to cut o the chase and eager to get on with the proceedings though he spent considerable time padding out Bernlys ego- he suspected that when reality hit it would be with a crash landing. Bernly felt his insides hollow out. What replaced his vital organs seemed like a whole menagerie of butterflies. He looked towards the door which was being safe guarded by Elliot the oaf. There seemed no way out. He would take part in the mission or forever hold his peace. Unfortunately, he suspected that it wouldnt be his choice to hold his peace but death which forced him to. -so you see, Hackman concluded, you have been chosen from thousands of applicants to see our world transported into a new era. One small step for man blah blah blah! All thats needed now is your consent and we are ready to begin. No training is needed. Well just pop you into the seventeenth century and back out again. All you have to do is say if it worked and you can go home knowing that you played the major role in the musical of the future. What do you think? Bernly gulped. He looked from Elliot to Hackman and then back to Elliot again, who by now was standing imitating the noose being tightened around his neck. Where do I sign? he asked mustering up all the effort he could to look willing and eager to help. Once the formalities were out of the way, He was lead straight to Hobble room. It stood in all its glory, looking like something of a cross between a tin can and a washing machine, the sight filled Bernly with the kind of dread a kamikaze pilot must feel when hit let go of the steering wheel. It had wire hanging out of it numerous buttons and gadgets which looked ominous, especially to someone who hasnt had a crash course in time travel. It took them no time at all to get him strapped in. A small bicycle helmet was perched on the top of his head and the lid of the oversized bean tin closed. Thats when he heard them, the unmistakable sound of hooves. He couldnt see them, not yet but in time they would appear. He knew this because hed been visited by them before. They only came when something was about to go unstoppably wrong. There was a flash of light, the sound of lightening, striking fear into the marrow of Bernlys bones and then he saw them. At first he had thought that it was the fourth horseman of the apocalypse but upon closer inspection he discovered that it was in, fact, a knight riding upon a great orange donkey with a tousled mane. He had come to know them so well in the past that he had given them both names. The knight he had called Destruction and the beast upon which he rode was named Disaster. For as Bernly Normal knew only too well, where Disaster walked, or in this case trotted, Destruction was never far behindà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦

Guido Darezzo and the History of Written Music an Example of the Topic Arts Essays by

Guido Darezzo and the History of Written Music During the medieval era of music history, music was not documented and transmitted the same way that it is today. Rather than a choir learning a new song by looking at a piece of sheet music and sight reading, oral transmission was used. In plainchant music, for example, a leader or conductor would teach the choir a song by first singing it. The choir would then sing back the same melody or phrase in an emulative manner. This method of learning music, however, changed during the 11th century, when Guido d'Arezzo formulated the world's first version of the musical staff that used music notes rather than numbers to indicate a certain pitch. Along with other tools such as the Guidonian hand, Guido developed valuable methods of teaching and transmitting music, especially to plainchant singers of that period. Although his system has since been refined and simplified, Guido's contributions to music theory greatly assisted young singers of his time, allowing them to read and learn new piece s more efficiently than through oral transmission alone. Need essay sample on "Guido D'arezzo and the History of Written Music" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Guido's musical developments, at the time, made the most significant impact upon those who participated in plainchant music. Plainchant music is interchangeably referred to as Gregorian chant music, which was a major part of medieval culture. It is religious-based music that was believed to be the only style music that was acceptable to be performed in churches, and it is still performed in certain cathedrals or Catholic churches today. In plainchant, there are absolutely no instruments accompanying the singers. Instead, the pieces consist of specific pitches and words that are combined to result in a full, chant-like sound that echoes throughout the vicinity of the church or cathedral. Plainchant music was not considered to be as modern forms of vocal performance in the sense that it is intended solely for entertainment and audio pleasure. Since it was performed only in a religious environment, plainchant was meant to enhance a person's susceptibility to a spiritual or religious exp erience-that their minds would be more open and focused on God and the messages that were to be heard in church. College Students Usually Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment online? Essay writer professionals recommend: Custom Essay Order Buy Written Essays Cheap Essay Writing 24 Buy Essays Online Prior to Guido's system of written staff music, singers depended upon oral transmission in order to learn new pieces. What is interesting about oral transmission is that, contrary to what some may think, the oral system was not used simply because a written form of music had not yet been created. Learning music by repeating what a singer heard from their leader or conductor is based on memory, which was believed to be a form of art. Oral transmission, therefore, was a way of exercising the art of learning through memory-a valued technique that dates all the way back to the days of ancient Greece. This particular way of learning was relatively simple, especially since more primitive forms of plainchant only consisted of one part-that is, all members of the choir would sing in unison and there was only one melody to be learned. Oral transmission began to lose its effectiveness, however, once the concept of harmonies and split parts was introduced to plainchant. By 1100 the practice of singing in two parts moving together was becoming more elaborate and soon a third part would be added. Such developments created problems for choirs and choir masters looking for well coordinated ensemble singing. Up to this time musical notation, such as it was, consisted of mnemonic marks rather than precise indications of varying musical pitches. To teach a group of singers a piece of plainchant in unison is relatively easy; but when more than one part has to be taught, it becomes much more difficult for all singers to remember their individual melodies. Consider a choir that is attempting to learn a three-part chant simultaneously. The first group of singers is able to memorize their parts without any difficulty. Then instructor then moves on to the next two groups and teaches them their parts in the same manner. By the time the third group has learned their harmonies the first group is likely to have forgotten their part of the chant or has confused some of their melodies with the other two groups. Even with the form of written music that was used in the early 11th century, those mnemonic notations approximated a tone rather than being a specific representation of one single note. As plainchant music advanced and became increasingly more complicated with the introduction of harmonies, it was evident that singers would require a more advanced form of written music in order to efficiently and effectively learn new pieces. In order to understand the importance of Guido's contributions to music, it is important to understand the difference between the world of music back then and how it is today. Many of the most talented and successful musicians, such as The Beatles' Paul McCartney, have proven that one does not necessarily have to be able to read or write music in order to be considered a successful composer. They are able to compose, however, because there is a standardized system of music that consists of notes and chords that can be played in a given sequence in order to create a complete musical phrase. In the 11th century, there was no such system and notes were thought of as random pitches rather than part of a series of musical patterns that complemented each other. It was not until Guido d'Arezzo, a monk from a small town in Italy, developed a new way of writing music that notes and pitches became standardized. Guido, who was highly intelligent and referred to today as a musical genius, received his education at the Benedictine monastery located in Pomposa; and it was there, that he worked as a choir director who was soon known for teaching choirs new chants in record time. This is one of the earliest examples of how written music served to teach music much faster than oral transmission alone. Guido single-handedly changed the future of written music when he developed the four-line musical staff, or stave, in the mid-11th century. Although a five-line stave is used today, Guido's four-line version was based on similar theory. With this system, "...notes were represented by diamond shaped marks. Each move up the grid, from a line to the space above it, represented a fixed interval, usually a single tone". Hans-Joachim Braun describes the relationship between Guido's musical stave and his time period in the following statement: Guido's system anticipated the European fascination with labour saving devices and this in the one area which in other cultures was almost intended to be laborious. Where the Asian musician expects to spend years memorizing the vocabulary of his art, the choir at Arezzo and soon the choirs of all Europe's cathedrals, freed from that particular chore, were liberated for the exploration of new music. The four-line stave not only facilitated the learning of European choirs, but it also gave Europe a sort of advantage over countries who did not yet adopt the use of the stave. Guido's stave provided the foundation for notes that would be added to the set of horizontal lines. The four lines indicated the movement up and down a keyboard-that is, as a note moves from a line up to the space above it, the pitch rises along with it. Alternatively, a note that was shown on a line or space below the previous note would indicate that a singer was to sing a lower pitch. In order to use the stave as a teaching utensil, Guido had to give names to the various diamond-shaped notes that were written on the lines and spaces. If the notes were not labeled, then they would not mean anything. It was Guido's development of solmization that facilitated the learning of notes, pitches, and sight reading amongst singers. Although solmization may sound complicated, it is what gave rise to seven notes that are used today-A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. Solmization refers to "...the practice of assigning syllables to notes, [which] greatly simplified the sight-reading of music". Richard Rogers' song "Do, Re, Mi" from The Sound of Music is perhaps the most commonly used form of solmization today, as it is used with children from a young age in order to teach them the seven different notes on a staff. These syllables, however, are based upon Guido's original notes. Guido set an existing hymn addressed to John the Baptist to a new tune... The first note was the lowest note on the scale, and each subsequent phrase began one note higher than the previous phrase. Then Guido used the first syllable of each phrase to name the note of the scale. The hymn's first phrase was Ut queant laxis. So Guido named the first note ut. The second phrase was resonare fibris. So he named the second note re. The hymn had six phrases, and so his charges learned to sing, "Ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la." Although there are seven notes within a full scale, most of Guido's chants were confined to only those six. Still, he named a seventh note for those few compositions that required it, and called gamma. Altogether, the scale of seven notes is called the gamut-a word based on the combination of the first and last notes. This was later developed into a phrase that is used today, "run the gamut", which means moving through an entire range. The use of solmization by Guido was not only a genius musical breakthrough at the time of its development, but it was also extremely clever and approachable. Unlike what one may have expected from a new system of music transmission, the "ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, gamma" scale was quite simple to learn, especially with the chants and phrases that Guido wrote in order to simplify written music for his singers. In addition to Guido's note names, the four-line stave, and the song he wrote in order to teach singers musical notes, the Guidonian hand was developed in order to help singers memorize notes and pitches as well. The hand is believed to have been created posthumously, but Guido is still credited for its origin and creation. Upon first glance, the Guidonian hand may be somewhat confusing. It consists of simply drawing of a hand, but there are several numbered and labeled spots, beginning with the tip of the thumb, which is labeled as "ut". The two sequential numbers that continue down the thumb are "re" and "mi", indicating that the different indentations and lines on one's hand can be thought of as a representation of a certain note-yet another mnemonic that could make sight-reading and learning notes even more simple. There are twenty different places, or loca, on the Guidonian hand, each of which represent a different note on the gamut, as well as the steps up and down the four-lin e staff. Mary Carruthers and Jan Ziolkowski explain the diagram as follows: On the hand, these places are the successive fingertips and joints starting with the tip of the thumb and continuing counterclockwise in a spiral motion, with the twentieth place imagined on the reverse side of the nineteenth, which is on the third joint of the middle finger... On the scale, the places are the ascending lines and spaces between them, beginning with the lowest line and ending with the space above the highest, tenth, line. This shows that the order of the twenty places on the Guidonian hand not only represented the different notes of the gamut, but the octave in which they were meant to be sung as well. If a singer was looking at their left hand, their thumb would represent the lowest or starting "ut" on a scale. As they progressed, the notes would essentially snake around their four other fingers, progressively getting higher, and the tips of those four fingers would represent the highest notes of a scale. The Guidonian hand can be considered one of the first attempts to represent the differences between a treble and bass clef, which are both part of today's music staff. The appropriate clefs had not yet been designed, so the Guidonian hand was used instead to indicate which octave a note should be sung in, making it easier for singers of different ranges and assigned parts to distinguish between the different octaves of notes. With the development of his six primary notes, Guido went on to lay the foundation for what is known today as a hexachord. A hexachord involves six pitch classes, which refers to the same note played in different intervals. Similar to what the different places on the Guidonian hand represented, varying intervals affect the location of a certain note on a keyboard. Guido's work on the matter is called Micrologus de disciplina artis musicae, which provided medieval music teachers and composers an outline regarding singing and music as it relates to plainchant. He had written the treatise after his departure from Pomposa around 1025, where he received negative feedback from those who believed his music theory to be unworthy of recognition or following. Guido proved his critics to be wrong once "...Micrologus, which was dedicated to Theodaldus, the bishop who sanctioned it, became enormously popular and was used throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries in monasteries and universities". This written work was quite revolutionary for its time, particularly due to its focus on movement up and down the musical scale, as well as Guido's study of intervals. According to Stefano Mengozzi, Guido's work largely impacted the later development of, both, polyphonic sound and the diatonic system. Micrologus also became one of the most influential treatises ever produced during the Middle Ages, as it is currently preserved in more than one hundred different sources that were found throughout the centuries. It has also become one of the most copied pieces of music theory in history to date, which is only further evidence of the innovation and brilliance that Guido's work possessed. By the time of his death in 1050, Guido had produced several manuscripts that have been translated into several languages and are still studied today. The contributions he made to music theory greatly affected how it was taught and learned by plainchant singers of his era; but his musical theories also contributed to the written transmission of music as a whole. His goal may have been to develop a system that would allow his Gregorian singers to learn music faster than through oral transmission, but he instead formulated theories that impacted the future of Western music as a whole and hastened its development-something that oral transmission could never have achieved. Although his version of the four-line music stave is no longer used, it is a paramount part of music history as it contributed to the five-line version that is used today. In addition, his use of solmization enabled singers to learn how to read music at a pace that was unheard of prior to his time. Without Guido's musi cal theories, Western music may not have been nearly as technically and theoretically advanced as it is today. Through the creation of the stave, solmization, the Guidonian hand, and Micrologus, Guido made music accessible to everyone and not only those who dedicated years of their life to learn music and music theory. BIBLIOGRAPHY Braun, Hans-Joachim. Music and Technology in the Twentieth Century. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002. Carruthers, Mary, and Jan M. Ziolkowski. The Medieval Craft of Memory: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002. Demorest, Steven M. Building Choral Excellence: Teaching Sight-Singing in the Choral Rehearsal. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001. Hiley, David. Western Plainchant: A Handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993. Mengozzi, Stefano. The Renaissance Reform of Medieval Music Theory: Guido of Arezzo Between Myth and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010. Neff, David. "The Original Do, Re, Mi." Christian History & Biography, no. 93 (2007): 39. Spignesi, Stephen J. The Italian 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Cultural, Scientific, and Political Figures, Past and Present. New York: Kensington Publishing Corp., 2003.

Law School Essay Sample

Law School Essay SampleAs a paralegal intern at a law firm, I'm constantly asked to complete a number of tasks ranging from analyzing documents to conducting interviews. A great deal of these tasks involve the application of the analytical essay format.A paralegal, by definition, is a paralegal intern. Yet, there is still much to be learned about what exactly a paralegal intern should be writing. To be able to gain this knowledge, one must learn the essay format; as a member of a law firm or a paralegal intern, it is imperative that you study this important format and apply it.The first step is to familiarize yourself with the first five essay samples. The first of the five essays samples is a simple one-sentence essay. The other five are much more involved. The two simplest essays are the fact and opinion statements.In the research sample, you will be asked to provide a brief synopsis of the research that you conducted. You will then be asked to summarize your findings. The conclusi on statement usually comes next and asks you to write about your opinions on whether or not your findings meet the stated criteria. The fact statement contains information about the facts that you found, while the opinion statement contains your personal thoughts.The final type of essay is called the case summary. In this form, you will be required to present a brief outline of the case in question. As a law student, you have studied the legal jargon, and you are aware of the importance of the case summary. It is your responsibility to write a case summary in the format in which the attorney tells you to do so.Writing an essay is much more than simply memorizing facts and statements. It takes time and practice to develop your own style and voice, as well as being able to present yourself in a professional manner. If you do not have the time or desire to put forth the effort, there are a number of college level English courses which are available to assist you in developing your skil ls.Completing the essay samples does not have to be a long drawn out process. If you are able to determine your writing abilities, and continue to work towards developing your skills, the best way to go about completing this task is by employing the right tools. One way of accomplishing this is to acquire a portfolio which contains all of your previous work, allowing you to view it and edit it accordingly.The essay that you submit to your law school application should not only be factual; but it should also be composed in a manner that accurately reflects your personality and approach to writing. Whether you decide to take an internship in a law firm or law school, or if you choose to pursue a career as a paralegal intern, the ability to effectively write a persuasive essay is paramount. The applications that you submit to law schools and law firms are to be read with attention, and the kind of writing you put into your project will help you land a job in the legal profession.

Driving Age essays

Driving Age essays Turning the age of sixteen is a huge step in the life of a teen. When becoming the age of sixteen a new challenge is brought into a persons life, the task of driving a car. But are sixteen year olds ready for this for this task. Driving a car is a task that should only be taken on by teens over the age of eighteen year olds because they are more responsible and understand the risk involved, there brain is underdeveloped and most of the driving they do is unnecessary. In todays society the idea of sixteen and seventeen year olds operating cars has become a way of life. But if one stops to think about it there is no need for these drivers to be on the road. Most of these drivers still live at home and have no job because theyre still in school. So they have no job to drive to or from. To go to school they can take the bus or be dropped off by their parents. From past experiences when I was this age I know how much useless driving I use to do. In Atlanta there is a huge problem with smog that is caused by to many cars on the road. The Department of transportation is always thinking up new ways to resolve this problem. The months when school is in session is when smog is at its highest. By taking these drivers off the road it would cut down on smog because they would be forced to ride the bus. When I was sixteen me and my friends use to load up in a car and just drive around town all night. Most of the time we would end up doing stuff to get in trouble. Another problem with these drivers is they are very irresponsible and put other drivers in danger on the road in danger. Recent statistics show that most drivers who are caught speeding or involved in automobile accidents are under the age of eighteen. This is because the drivers have no responsibility and cannot handle the task of driving a car. In Georgia congress members have noticed this problem and are working on an amendm ...